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API pharmaceuticals

Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) are the basis of the active ingredients of pharmaceuticals. Their production process often involves complex chemical reactions and separation and purification steps, generating large amounts of wastewater. These wastewaters typically have high concentrations of organic matter (measured by chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC), contain structurally stable and difficult-to-biodegrade API molecules themselves and their production intermediates, and have high chroma, high salt content, and exhibit significant biological toxicity, resulting in generally poor biodegradability (BOD5/CODcr ratio).

Ultraviolet light/hydrogen peroxide (UV/H?O?) combined technology utilizes ultraviolet light of a specific wavelength to irradiate hydrogen peroxide (H?O?), triggering the decomposition of H?O? molecules to produce highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (OH). The strong oxidizing properties and non-selectivity of OH radicals enable them to effectively destroy the chemical structure of API molecules and their complex intermediates, gradually breaking them down into small molecules and eventually mineralizing them into CO2, H?O, and inorganic salts, thereby degrading pollutants.

UV/H2O2 technology demonstrates excellent degradation of a variety of typical APIs, including antibiotics, hormones, phenolic compounds, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, and some organic solvents (such as dichloromethane (DCM)).

The process flow for UV/H?O? treatment of API pharmaceutical wastewater is as follows:

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UV Hydrogen Peroxide Advanced Oxidation Process: Pretreatment, UV/H?O? Reaction, and Post-treatment

· Pretreatment Stage

Grids and Screens: Remove large suspended and floating solids.

Equalization Tank: Evenly distributes water volume and quality, and buffers pH fluctuations.

Coagulation/Sedimentation/Flotation: Removes fine particles and improves UV transmittance.

· UV/H?O? Reaction Unit

Reactor: Typically constructed of stainless steel or other materials with good UV and H?O? resistance, the reactor is equipped with a UV lamp (either a low-pressure, high-intensity mercury lamp or a medium-pressure mercury lamp).

H?O? Dosing and Control: Hydrogen peroxide solution is precisely dosed to the reactor inlet or reaction zone via a metering pump.

·Subsequent Treatment Stages

H?O? Removal

pH Neutralization and Biological Treatment

Advanced Treatment

Customer Benefits of UV/H?O? Treatment of API Pharmaceutical Wastewater:

Improves and Controls the Wastewater's Biodegradability (BOD?/COD?) Ratio

Rapidly Reduces Wastewater Biotoxicity

Ensures Production Continuity and Easily Achieves Regulatory Compliance

Empowers Green Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

Reactivity and Easy Control and Operation

Low Overall Operating Costs

High Process Operational Flexibility

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